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Biblioteca (s) : |
INIA Las Brujas. |
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Fecha : |
21/02/2014 |
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Actualizado : |
05/12/2018 |
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Tipo de producción científica : |
Capítulo en Libro Técnico-Científico |
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Autor : |
SCHOLBERG, J. M. S.; DOGLIOTTI, S.; LEONI, C.; CHERR, C. M.; ZOTARELLI, L.; ROSSING, W. A. H. |
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Afiliación : |
JOHANNES M. S. SCHOLBERG, Biological Farming Systems, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; SANTIAGO DOGLIOTTI, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Uruguay; CAROLINA LEONI VELAZCO, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Uruguay; COREY M. CHERR, Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of California, USA; LINCOLN ZOTARELLI, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Dept., University of Florida, USA; WALTER A. H. ROSSING, Biological Farming Systems, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. |
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Título : |
Cover crops for sustainable agrosystems in the Americas. |
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Fecha de publicación : |
2010 |
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Fuente / Imprenta : |
In: Lichtfouse E. (eds) Genetic Engineering, Biofertilisation, Soil Quality and Organic Farming. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. |
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Páginas : |
pp 23-58 |
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ISBN : |
978-90-481-8740-9 // Online ISBN 978-90-481-8741-6 |
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DOI : |
10.1007/978-90-481-8741-6_2 |
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Idioma : |
Inglés |
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Notas : |
Chapter history: First Online: 23 March 2010. |
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Contenido : |
ABSTRACT.
Rapid depletion of global fertilizer and fossil fuel reserves, combined with concerns about global warming, have resulted in increased interest in alternative strategies for sustaining agricultural production. Moreover, many farmers are being caught in a vicious spiral of unsustainability related to depletion and degradation of land and water resources, increasing labor and input costs, and decreasing profit margins. To reduce their dependence on external inputs and to enhance inherent soil fertility, farmers, thus, may opt to employ farm-generated renewable resources, including the use of cover crops. However, perceived risks and complexity of cover-crop-based systems may prevent their initial adoption and long-term use. In this review article, we provide a historic perspective on cover-crop use, discuss their current revival in the context of promotion of green technologies, and outline key selection and management considerations for their effective use.
Based on reports in the literature, we conclude that cover crops can contribute to carbon sequestration, especially in no-tillage systems, whereas such benefits may be minimal for frequently tilled sandy soils. Due to the presence of a natural soil cover, they reduce erosion while enhancing the retention and availability of both nutrients and water. Moreover, cover-crop-based systems provide a renewable N source, and can also be instrumental in weed suppression and pest management in organic production systems. Selection of species that provide multiple benefits, design of sound crop rotations, and improved synchronization of nutrient-release patterns and subsequent crop demands, are among the most critical technical factors to enhance the overall performance of cover-crop-based systems. Especially under adverse conditions, use of mixtures with complementary traits enhances their functionality and resilience. Since traditional research and extension approaches tend to be unfit for developing suitable cover-crop-based systems adapted to local production settings, other technology development and transfer approaches are required. The demonstration of direct benefits and active participation of farmers during system design, technology development, and transfer phases, were shown to be critical for effective adaptation and diffusion of cover-crop-based innovations within and across farm boundaries. In conclusion, we would like to state that the implementation of suitable policies providing technical support and financial incentives to farmers, to award them for providing ecological services, is required for more widespread adoption of cover crops.
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 MenosABSTRACT.
Rapid depletion of global fertilizer and fossil fuel reserves, combined with concerns about global warming, have resulted in increased interest in alternative strategies for sustaining agricultural production. Moreover, many farmers are being caught in a vicious spiral of unsustainability related to depletion and degradation of land and water resources, increasing labor and input costs, and decreasing profit margins. To reduce their dependence on external inputs and to enhance inherent soil fertility, farmers, thus, may opt to employ farm-generated renewable resources, including the use of cover crops. However, perceived risks and complexity of cover-crop-based systems may prevent their initial adoption and long-term use. In this review article, we provide a historic perspective on cover-crop use, discuss their current revival in the context of promotion of green technologies, and outline key selection and management considerations for their effective use.
Based on reports in the literature, we conclude that cover crops can contribute to carbon sequestration, especially in no-tillage systems, whereas such benefits may be minimal for frequently tilled sandy soils. Due to the presence of a natural soil cover, they reduce erosion while enhancing the retention and availability of both nutrients and water. Moreover, cover-crop-based systems provide a renewable N source, and can also be instrumental in weed suppression and pest management in organic production systems. ... Presentar Todo |
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Palabras claves : |
COVER CROPS; GREEN MANURE; GREEN TECHNOLOGIES; MANAGEMENT; NEMATODE; PEST CONTROL; SUSTAINABLE AGRO SYSTEMS. |
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Asunto categoría : |
-- |
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Marc : |
LEADER 03663naa a2200301 a 4500
001 1003168
005 2018-12-05
008 2010 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $a10.1007/978-90-481-8741-6_2$2DOI
100 1 $aSCHOLBERG, J. M. S.
245 $aCover crops for sustainable agrosystems in the Americas.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2010
300 $app 23-58
500 $aChapter history: First Online: 23 March 2010.
520 $aABSTRACT. Rapid depletion of global fertilizer and fossil fuel reserves, combined with concerns about global warming, have resulted in increased interest in alternative strategies for sustaining agricultural production. Moreover, many farmers are being caught in a vicious spiral of unsustainability related to depletion and degradation of land and water resources, increasing labor and input costs, and decreasing profit margins. To reduce their dependence on external inputs and to enhance inherent soil fertility, farmers, thus, may opt to employ farm-generated renewable resources, including the use of cover crops. However, perceived risks and complexity of cover-crop-based systems may prevent their initial adoption and long-term use. In this review article, we provide a historic perspective on cover-crop use, discuss their current revival in the context of promotion of green technologies, and outline key selection and management considerations for their effective use. Based on reports in the literature, we conclude that cover crops can contribute to carbon sequestration, especially in no-tillage systems, whereas such benefits may be minimal for frequently tilled sandy soils. Due to the presence of a natural soil cover, they reduce erosion while enhancing the retention and availability of both nutrients and water. Moreover, cover-crop-based systems provide a renewable N source, and can also be instrumental in weed suppression and pest management in organic production systems. Selection of species that provide multiple benefits, design of sound crop rotations, and improved synchronization of nutrient-release patterns and subsequent crop demands, are among the most critical technical factors to enhance the overall performance of cover-crop-based systems. Especially under adverse conditions, use of mixtures with complementary traits enhances their functionality and resilience. Since traditional research and extension approaches tend to be unfit for developing suitable cover-crop-based systems adapted to local production settings, other technology development and transfer approaches are required. The demonstration of direct benefits and active participation of farmers during system design, technology development, and transfer phases, were shown to be critical for effective adaptation and diffusion of cover-crop-based innovations within and across farm boundaries. In conclusion, we would like to state that the implementation of suitable policies providing technical support and financial incentives to farmers, to award them for providing ecological services, is required for more widespread adoption of cover crops. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010
653 $aCOVER CROPS
653 $aGREEN MANURE
653 $aGREEN TECHNOLOGIES
653 $aMANAGEMENT
653 $aNEMATODE
653 $aPEST CONTROL
653 $aSUSTAINABLE AGRO SYSTEMS
700 1 $aDOGLIOTTI, S.
700 1 $aLEONI, C.
700 1 $aCHERR, C. M.
700 1 $aZOTARELLI, L.
700 1 $aROSSING, W. A. H.
773 $tIn: Lichtfouse E. (eds) Genetic Engineering, Biofertilisation, Soil Quality and Organic Farming. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht.
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INIA Las Brujas (LB) |
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Registro completo
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Biblioteca (s) : |
INIA Treinta y Tres. |
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Fecha actual : |
18/04/2017 |
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Actualizado : |
15/10/2019 |
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Tipo de producción científica : |
Artículos en Revistas Indexadas Internacionales |
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Circulación / Nivel : |
A - 1 |
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Autor : |
HERD, R.M.; VELAZCO, J.I.; ARTHUR, P.F.; HEGARTY, R.F. |
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Afiliación : |
JOSÉ IGNACIO VELAZCO DE LOS REYES, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Uruguay. |
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Título : |
Associations among methane emission traits measured in the feedlot and in respiration chambers in Angus cattle to vary in feed efficiency. |
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Fecha de publicación : |
2016 |
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Fuente / Imprenta : |
Journal of Animal Science. 2016, v.94(11), p. 4882-4891 |
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DOI : |
10.2527/JAS2016-0613 |
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Idioma : |
Inglés |
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Notas : |
Article history: Received May 7, 2016. Accepted September 7, 2016. |
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Contenido : |
Abstract:
The objective of the study was to evaluate associations among animal performance and methane emission traits under feedlot conditions and in respiration chambers in Angus cattle bred to vary in residual feed intake (RFI), which is a measure of feed efficiency. Fifty-nine cattle were tested for feedlot RFI, of which 41 had methane production recorded on an ad libitum grain-based ration in the feedlot, 59 on a restricted grain-based ration in respiration chambers, and 57 on a restricted roughage ration in respiration chambers. The cattle became older and heavier as they went through the different phases of the experiment, but their feed intake (expressed as DMI) and daily emission of enteric methane (methane production rate; MPR) did not increase proportionally, as feed offered was restricted in the respiration chamber tests. Methane emissions by individual animals relative to their DMI were calculated as methane yield (MY; MPR/DMI) and as 2 measures of residual methane production (RMP and RMP), which were calculated as the difference between measured MPR and that predicted from feed intake by 2 different equations. Within each test regime, MPR was positively correlated ( = 0.28 to 0.61) with DMI. Phenotypic correlations for MY, RMP, and RMP between the feedlot test and the restricted grain test ( = 0.40 to 0.43) and between the restricted grain test and the restricted roughage test were moderate ( = 0.36 to 0.41) and moderate to strong between the feedlot test and the restricted roughage test ( = 0.54 to 0.58). These results indicate that the rankings of animals for methane production relative to feed consumed are relatively stable over the 3 test phases. Feedlot feed conversion ratio and RFI were not correlated with MPR in the feedlot test and grain-based chamber test but were negatively correlated with MPR in the chamber roughage test ( = -0.31 and -0.37). Both were negatively correlated with MY and RMP in the feedlot test ( = -0.42 to -0.54) and subsequent chamber roughage test ( = -0.27 to -0.49). Midparent estimated breeding values for RFI tended to be negatively correlated with MY and RMP in the feedlot test ( = -0.27 and -0.27) and were negatively correlated with MY, RMP, and RMP in the chamber roughage test ( = -0.33 to -0.36). These results showed that in young growing cattle, lower RFI was associated with higher MY, RMP, and RMP but had no significant association with MPR. MenosAbstract:
The objective of the study was to evaluate associations among animal performance and methane emission traits under feedlot conditions and in respiration chambers in Angus cattle bred to vary in residual feed intake (RFI), which is a measure of feed efficiency. Fifty-nine cattle were tested for feedlot RFI, of which 41 had methane production recorded on an ad libitum grain-based ration in the feedlot, 59 on a restricted grain-based ration in respiration chambers, and 57 on a restricted roughage ration in respiration chambers. The cattle became older and heavier as they went through the different phases of the experiment, but their feed intake (expressed as DMI) and daily emission of enteric methane (methane production rate; MPR) did not increase proportionally, as feed offered was restricted in the respiration chamber tests. Methane emissions by individual animals relative to their DMI were calculated as methane yield (MY; MPR/DMI) and as 2 measures of residual methane production (RMP and RMP), which were calculated as the difference between measured MPR and that predicted from feed intake by 2 different equations. Within each test regime, MPR was positively correlated ( = 0.28 to 0.61) with DMI. Phenotypic correlations for MY, RMP, and RMP between the feedlot test and the restricted grain test ( = 0.40 to 0.43) and between the restricted grain test and the restricted roughage test were moderate ( = 0.36 to 0.41) and moderate to strong between the feedlot test and t... Presentar Todo |
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Palabras claves : |
CATTLE; EFICIENCIA ALIMENTICIA; FEED EFFICIENCY; GAS METANO; GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO; GREENHOUSE GAS; METHANE. |
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Thesagro : |
BOVINOS. |
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Asunto categoría : |
T01 Polución |
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Marc : |
LEADER 03329naa a2200277 a 4500
001 1057076
005 2019-10-15
008 2016 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $a10.2527/JAS2016-0613$2DOI
100 1 $aHERD, R.M.
245 $aAssociations among methane emission traits measured in the feedlot and in respiration chambers in Angus cattle to vary in feed efficiency.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2016
500 $aArticle history: Received May 7, 2016. Accepted September 7, 2016.
520 $aAbstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate associations among animal performance and methane emission traits under feedlot conditions and in respiration chambers in Angus cattle bred to vary in residual feed intake (RFI), which is a measure of feed efficiency. Fifty-nine cattle were tested for feedlot RFI, of which 41 had methane production recorded on an ad libitum grain-based ration in the feedlot, 59 on a restricted grain-based ration in respiration chambers, and 57 on a restricted roughage ration in respiration chambers. The cattle became older and heavier as they went through the different phases of the experiment, but their feed intake (expressed as DMI) and daily emission of enteric methane (methane production rate; MPR) did not increase proportionally, as feed offered was restricted in the respiration chamber tests. Methane emissions by individual animals relative to their DMI were calculated as methane yield (MY; MPR/DMI) and as 2 measures of residual methane production (RMP and RMP), which were calculated as the difference between measured MPR and that predicted from feed intake by 2 different equations. Within each test regime, MPR was positively correlated ( = 0.28 to 0.61) with DMI. Phenotypic correlations for MY, RMP, and RMP between the feedlot test and the restricted grain test ( = 0.40 to 0.43) and between the restricted grain test and the restricted roughage test were moderate ( = 0.36 to 0.41) and moderate to strong between the feedlot test and the restricted roughage test ( = 0.54 to 0.58). These results indicate that the rankings of animals for methane production relative to feed consumed are relatively stable over the 3 test phases. Feedlot feed conversion ratio and RFI were not correlated with MPR in the feedlot test and grain-based chamber test but were negatively correlated with MPR in the chamber roughage test ( = -0.31 and -0.37). Both were negatively correlated with MY and RMP in the feedlot test ( = -0.42 to -0.54) and subsequent chamber roughage test ( = -0.27 to -0.49). Midparent estimated breeding values for RFI tended to be negatively correlated with MY and RMP in the feedlot test ( = -0.27 and -0.27) and were negatively correlated with MY, RMP, and RMP in the chamber roughage test ( = -0.33 to -0.36). These results showed that in young growing cattle, lower RFI was associated with higher MY, RMP, and RMP but had no significant association with MPR.
650 $aBOVINOS
653 $aCATTLE
653 $aEFICIENCIA ALIMENTICIA
653 $aFEED EFFICIENCY
653 $aGAS METANO
653 $aGASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO
653 $aGREENHOUSE GAS
653 $aMETHANE
700 1 $aVELAZCO, J.I.
700 1 $aARTHUR, P.F.
700 1 $aHEGARTY, R.F.
773 $tJournal of Animal Science. 2016$gv.94(11), p. 4882-4891
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