02572naa a2200253 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400390006010000280009924501230012726000090025050004130025952013620067265300630203465300120209765300290210965300260213865300080216465300170217270000200218970000170220970000260222677300660225210645082024-03-20       2024    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 a10.1080/17597269.2024.23271542DOI1 aBUSTAMANTE-SILVEIRA, M.  aCarbon footprint of four bioethanol cropping systems in a temperate region. (Research Article).h[electronic resource]  c2024  aArticle history: Received 05 November 2023, Accepted 01 March 2024, Published online 18 March 2024. -- Correspondence:  Leonidas Carrasco-Letelier, Email: lcarrasco@inia.org.uy , Natural Resources, Production and Environment, Experimental Station INIA La Estanzuela Alberto Boerger, Route 50 km 11, 70000, Colonia, Uruguay. -- Funding: This work was supported by Universidad de la Rep�ublica, Uruguay.  aABSTRACT.- Under the EU Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC), estimating biofuel GHG emissions is essential to gauge emissions reductions compared to fossil fuels. Within this framework, the carbon footprint (CF) was calculated for four bioethanol cropping systems: a maize-wheat-sorghum rotation without the harvest of crop residues (MWS), a maize-wheat-sorghum rotation with harvested crop residues (MWS-R), switchgrass (Sw), and continuous sweet sorghum (Ss). The estimation followed a life-cycle analysis strategy. The CF varied between 0.04 and 3.68 kg CO2-eq l -1 ethanol. Switchgrass had the smallest CF and the highest ethanol yield per hectare (4,263 L [ha yr] -1). However, for annual systems, Ss had the highest CF (3.68 kg CO2-eq l -1 ethanol), 2 and 4 times larger than MWS-R and MWS systems. The soil preparation, planting, and post-planting emissions were 80% of the mean emissions in the annual cropping systems. By comparison, 60% of Sw's CF came from post-planting, and 46% from fertilizers. In Sw, soil erosion accounted for 11% of the soil organic carbon lost in the MWS-R and Ss systems. In addition, Sw was the system with the most significant carbon sequestration (-1,957 kg CO2-eq [ha yr - 1]), a value corresponding to 94% of the CF of this bioethanol cropping system. @ 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group  aÁREA DE RECURSOS NATURALES, PRODUCCIÓN Y AMBIENTE - INIA  aBiofuel  aGreenhouse gas emissions  aLife cycle assessment  aSOC  aSoil erosion1 aSIRI-PRIETO, G.1 aMAZZILLI, S.1 aCARRASCO-LETELIER, L.  tBiofuels. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2024.2327154