03462naa a2200349 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200200006002400320008010000160011224501600012826000090028850013590029752010700165665300140272665300120274065300560275265300210280865300140282965300130284365300120285670000180286870000150288670000180290170000170291970000180293670000190295470000200297370000170299370000150301077300870302510644682024-02-20       2023    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  aeISSN 2072-66517 a10.3390/toxins151206812DOI1 aMACHADO, M.  aPoisoning by Baccharis coridifolia in early-weaned beef calvesbpathological study and new macrocyclic trichothecene identification.h[electronic resource]  c2023  aArticle history: Submission received: 19 October 2023; Revised: 20 November 2023; Accepted: 27 November 2023; Published: 1 December 2023. -- Supplementary Materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/toxins15120681/s1 -- This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxins: 15th Anniversary (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins/special_issues/U270856NY7 ). -- Reaxys Chemistry database information. Substances: Trichothecene, Roridin A. -- Funding: This research received no external funding. --  Acknowledgments: We thank Alejandra Custodio from Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal (PSA) of Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) for technical assistance with the histologic techniques, Ana Laura Vildoza for support with postmortem examination, Christina Heard (CAHFS) for the electron microscopy preparations, and Megan Kelman (AAFC) for technical support. Mizael Machado and Alejo Menchaca are researchers of the "Sistema Nacional de Investigadores" (SNI, ANII) of Uruguay. -- Document type: Article Gold Open Access, Article Green Open Access. -- Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).  aABSTRACT.- This study investigated two outbreaks of spontaneous poisoning by Baccharis coridifolia (Asteraceae) in early-weaned beef calves in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. A total of 34 affected calves showed signs of salivation, anorexia, apathy, marked dehydration, and diarrhea. Deaths occurred 36-72 h after consumption and mortality varied from 37.5% to 43.3% for outbreak 1 and outbreak 2, respectively. The main pathological findings include diffuse severe necrosis of the prestomachs and lymphoid tissues. Ultrastructurally, epithelial cells of the rumen showed swelling, lysis of the organelles, degradation of intercellular attachments, and degradation of the nuclear chromatin. Using LC-MS with diagnostic fragmentation filtering, 56 macrocyclic trichothecenes including glycosyl and malonyl conjugates were identified. The total concentration of macrocyclic trichothecenes, including conjugates, was estimated to be 1.2 ± 0.1 mg/g plant material. This is the first report of these malonyl-glucose conjugates from Baccharis coridifolia. © 2023 by the authors.  aBaccharis  aMio-mio  aPLATAFORMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN SALUD ANIMAL - INIA  aPoisonous plants  aRuminants  aToxicity  aUruguay1 aMARTÍNEZ, R.1 aANDRES, S.1 aSUMARAH, M.W.1 aRENAUD, J.B.1 aARMIÉN, A.G.1 aBARROS, C.S.L.1 aRIET-CORREA, F.1 aMENCHACA, A.1 aSCHILD, C.  tToxins. 2023; 15(12):681. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15120681  --  OPEN ACCESS.