02160naa a2200217 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000150006024501140007526000090018950001180019852013950031665300160171165300350172765300120176265300310177465300240180570000180182970000130184777300820186010633322022-06-20       2022    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d1 aUZAL, F.A.  aYellow Lamb Disease (Clostridium perfringens Type A Enterotoxemia of Sheep)bA Review.h[electronic resource]  c2022  aArticle history:Received: 12 May 2022 / Revised: 16 June 2022 / Accepted: 16 June 2022 / Published: 20 June 2022.  abstract: Yellow lamb disease is an infrequent disease in sheep for which there is scant literature, and that has been reported in the US, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Europe, although anecdotal evidence indicates that it may have also been diagnosed in South America. The disease is produced by some strains of Clostridium perfringens type A that produce unusually high levels of alpha- toxin. Because C. perfringens type A is ubiquitous and is found in the intestine of most clinically healthy sheep, diagnosis of yellow lamb disease is challenging and requires quantitating the amount of this microorganism present in feces and/or intestinal content. Clinically, yellow lamb disease is characterized by depression, anemia, icterus and hemoglobinuria. Occasionally, sudden death may occur. Gross findings include generalized icterus, red urine in the bladder, enlarged, pale, and friable spleen, enlarged liver with an acinar pattern, and dark, swollen kidneys. Microscopically, yellow lamb disease is characterized by centrilobular necrosis of the liver, hemoglobinuria-associated acute tubular injury, splenic congestion, pulmonary congestion and edema. Although there are no vaccines specifically designed to prevent yellow lamb disease, several vaccines against the different types of C. perfringens may afford at least some level of protection against yellow lamb disease.  aAlpha toxin  aClostridium perfringens type A  aIcterus  aPLATAFORMA DE SALUD ANIMAL  aYellow lamb disease1 aGIANNITTI, F.1 aASIN, J.  tAnimals 2022, 12, 1590. Open Access. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121590