03457naa a2200325 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400370007410000150011124501300012626000090025650006390026552018150090465300240271965300170274365300160276065300110277665300170278765300190280465300280282365300120285170000280286370000210289170000150291270000190292770000200294670000170296677301480298310628112022-11-08       2022    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a2405-93907 a10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.1007002DOI1 aPARODI, P.  aDescription of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis outbreaks in northern Uruguay between 2016 and 2018.h[electronic resource]  c2022  aArticle history: Received 7 April 2021; Received in revised form 27 November 2021; Accepted 26 January 2022; Available online 2 February 2022. Corresponding author:   Parodi, P.; Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Ruta 5 km 386, Tacuarembó, Uruguay; email:pabloparodi7@gmail.com  -- This research was supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Uruguay, by the project ?Determination of the current situation of R. microplus and parasitic sadness tick and integrated control of both diseases?, Animal Health Platform.  aABSTRACT.- Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis cause important economic losses in livestock production. In Uruguay, the main aetiological agents of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are Babesia bovis, B. bigemina and Anaplasma marginale. The aim of this work was to describe the outbreaks of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in northern Uruguay between 2016 and 2018. Convenience sampling was carried out. We worked with blood and organ samples from bovines with clinical signs and autopsy findings compatible with babesiosis and anaplasmosis. A total of 140 presumptive outbreaks were studied. Epidemiological information such as place, date of occurrence, age, number of sick and dead animals, clinical signs, autopsy findings, the presence of ticks and health management that involved injectables were registered. The diagnoses were carried out by blood and organ smears stained with Giemsa and confirmed by multiplex PCR. There were 83 (59.2%) positive outbreaks, comprising 35 (42.2%) A. marginale, 19 (22.9%) B. bigemina, 18 (21.7%) B. bovis and 11 (13.2%) mixed infections (Babesia spp. + A. marginale). Cows were the most commonly affected category. The clinical signs and autopsy findings with a significant association (p ≤ 0.05) were anaemia, pale mucous membranes, fever, jaundice, ataxia and aggressiveness, splenomegaly, and orange discolouration of the liver. Babesiosis had a seasonal occurrence, mainly in autumn, while anaplasmosis cases were recorded throughout the year. The use of injectable agents was associated with A. marginale transmission. This work contributes updated information about epidemiological and clinical patterns of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in northern Uruguay, which is important for implementing preventive measures and control. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.  aAnaplasma marginale  aAnaplasmosis  aBabesia spp  aCattle  aEpidemiology  aHaemoparasites  aPLATAFORMA SALUD ANIMAL  aUruguay1 aARMÚA-FERNÁNDEZ, M.T.1 aCORBELLINI, L.G.1 aRIVERO, R.1 aMIRABALLES, C.1 aRIET-CORREA, F.1 aVENZAL, J.M.  tVeterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 2022, Volume 29, Article number 100700. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100700