03837naa a2200253 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400350007410000230010924501030013226000090023550008210024452022180106565300130328365300300329665300210332665300160334765300170336365300210338070000200340170000170342177301450343810626432022-01-18       2021    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a2297-17697 a10.3389/fvets.2021.7613042DOI1 aGARCÍA PINTOS, C.  aEffect of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine on pregnancy failure in beef cows.h[electronic resource]  c2021  aArticle history: Received 19 August 2021; Accepted 18 October 2021; Published 12 November 2021. Corresponding author: Menchaca, A.; Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; email:menchaca.alejo@gmail.com  --   The authors thank the Official Authorities of Ministerio de Ganader ?a Argicultura y Pesca of Uruguay for facilitating a single batch of the FMD vaccine to perform the experiment, farmers for providing animals and facilities, veterinarians for technical assistance during the experiment, as well as Mar?a Magdalena Leiva and Camila Brochado for data collection on the farms. AM is a researcher of the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI, ANII) of Uruguay, and CGP has a doctoral fellowship at Insitituto Nacional de Investigacion Agropecuaria (INIA) of Uruguay.  aABSTRACT. - This study evaluates whether the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination increases pregnancy failures in Bos taurus beef cows. A total of 3,379 cows were assigned to two experimental groups to receive (n = 1,722) or not receive (n = 1,657) a FMD vaccine (commercial preparation containing FMD virus, O1 Campos and A24 Cruzeiro) at different gestational age. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography at vaccination time (Day 0), and the cows were classified by days of pregnancy as follows: (a) <29 days after mating (presumed pregnant cows, n = 778), (b) between 30 and 44 days of pregnancy (n = 1,100), (c) 45 and 59 days of pregnancy (n = 553), and (d) between 60 and 90 days of pregnancy (n = 948). Pregnancy failure was determined 30 days after vaccination by a second ultrasound examination. Cows that were vaccinated within 29 days after mating had a 7.8% greater pregnancy failure rate than non-vaccinated cows (44.1%, 163/370 vs. 36.3%, 148/408, respectively; P <0.05). Cows vaccinated between 30 and 44 days of gestation had a pregnancy failure rate greater than non-vaccinated cows (4.9%, 28/576 vs. 2.5%, 13/524, respectively; P <0.05). When cows received the vaccine between days 45 and 90 of gestation no differences in pregnancy failure were observed (0.8%, 6/776 vs. 1.2%, 9/725, respectively; P = NS). Body temperature and local adverse reactions to vaccine inoculation were recorded in a subset of 152 multiparous cows. Hyperthermia (>39.5°C) was detected on Day 1 or 2 in 28.0% (21/75) of vaccinated vs. 7.8% (6/77) of non-vaccinated cows (P <0.01). Local adverse reaction to the FMD vaccine inoculation increased from 0.0% (0/75) on Day 0, to 15.7% (11/75) on Day 4, and 38.7% (29/75) on Day 10 (P <0.01). On Day 30 local reaction was detected in 10.5% (34/323) and fell to 2.2% on Day 60 (7/323) post vaccination (P <0.01). In conclusion, FMD vaccine increases pregnancy failure when it is administered before 45 days of gestation, an effect that was associated with hyperthermia and local adverse reaction. No effect on pregnancy failure was found when vaccination was performed after 45 days of gestation.  Copyright © 2021 Garcia-Pintos, Riet-Correa and Menchaca.  aAbortion  aAnimal Muscular Dystrophy  aEmbryo mortality  aFMD vaccine  aHyperthermia  aPregnancy losses1 aRIET-CORREA, F.1 aMENCHACA, A.  tFrontiers in Veterinary Science, November 2021, volume 8, Article number 761304. Open Access. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.761304