03107naa a2200325 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400390007410000150011324500710012826000090019950006070020852016130081565000120242865300110244065300240245165300270247570000160250270000160251870000160253470000210255070000130257170000190258470000180260370000180262170000170263970000200265677301050267610625352021-11-22       2021    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a0041-01017 a10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.10.0092DOI1 aSCHILD, C.  aNierembergia rivularis poisoning in cattle.h[electronic resource]  c2021  aArticle history: Received 16 August 2021; Received in revised form 19 October 2021; Accepted 20 October 2021; Available online 26 October 2021. Corresponding authors: Riet-Correa, F.; Programa de Posgraduação Em Ciencia Animal Nos Trópicos, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; email:franklinrietcorrea@gmail.com  Schild, C.O.; Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal (PSA), Estación Experimental (EE) Tacuarembó, Ruta 5, km 386, Tacuarembó, Uruguay; email:cschild@inia.org.uy  aABSTRACT. - Nierembergia rivularis causes enzootic calcinosis (EC) in sheep. In this work, we describe EC caused by N. rivularis in cattle. For 3 years cattle grazing in 7 paddocks were evaluated. Cows with clinical signs compatible with EC were detected in only one paddock with a morbidity of 9.4%, 24.5%, and 34.5% during the summer of 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Affected cows weighed 55 kg less (p < 0.01) than cows without signs of the same paddock, and 19.6% of these cows had hypercalcemia and/or hyperphosphatemia. Typical soft tissue calcification was observed in 3 autopsied cows. Additionally to the arterial calcification, 2 cows had multiple mineralized foci in several veins. In the Paddock A where EC occurred, the pasture contained 7?12% N. rivularis. In the other 6 paddocks (Paddocks B-G) where EC had not occurred, the pasture had 0.2?3.5% N. rivularis. Cows grazing in Paddock A had &#8764;30% lower pregnancy rates than cows from Paddocks B-G. At the slaughterhouse, the carcasses of 45 cows from Paddock A weighed 17.6% (p < 0.01) less than 93 carcasses of cows from Paddocks B-G. Furthermore, the carcasses of cows from Paddock A were classified as low quality. Eight cows with EC signs from Paddock A and 10 cows without EC signs from Paddocks B-G were removed to a Lolium multiflorum pasture. After 120 days of grazing, the cows from Paddock A gained 45.2% less (p < 0.01) live weight than cows from Paddocks B-G. Poisoning with N. rivularis may cause significant economic losses in Uruguay due to low fertility rates and weight gain of affected cattle. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd  aURUGUAY  aCattle  aEnzootic calcinosis  aNierembergia rivularis1 aBOABAID, F.1 aMACHADO, M.1 aSARAVIA, A.1 aOLIVEIRA, L.G.S.1 aDIAZ, S.1 aVILDOZA, A. L.1 aMARTÍNEZ, A.1 aMARTÍNEZ, R.1 aBARROS, S.S.1 aRIET-CORREA, F.  tToxicon, December 2021, Volume 204, Pages 21- 30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.10.009