03231naa a2200313 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400360006010000170009624501710011326000090028450000750029352021390036865300230250765300210253065300120255165300330256365300210259665300120261770000280262970000170265770000230267470000240269770000160272170000210273770000290275870000140278777301160280110615342020-12-02       2020    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 a10.1007/s13593-020-00643-22DOI1 aFARIAS, G.D.  aIntegrated crop-livestock system with system fertilization approach improves food production and resource-use efficiency in agricultural lands.h[electronic resource]  c2020  aArticle history: Accepted: 4 October 2020. Published: 27 October 2020.  aIntegrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) can be an alternative to increase the productivity of agroecosystems by enhancing nutrient cycling via grazing animals. Despite the holistic approach that bears the designing of ICLS, fertilization practices are proceeded in a conventional crop basis, disregarding nutrient fluxes at the appropriate spatial and temporal dynamics. We argue that fertilization practices in ICLS must follow the same integrated approach. To test this, we compared a conventional crop fertilization strategy versus a system fertilization approach applied to two production systems being a conventional cropping system and ICLS. The conventional cropping system consisted of a soybean crop succeeded by a non-grazed Italian ryegrass cover crop. The ICLS model consisted of a soybean-Italian ryegrass rotation grazed by sheep. In the conventional crop fertilization strategy phosphorus and potassium were applied at soybean sowing and nitrogen at the Italian ryegrass establishment. The system fertilization consisted of the application of all nutrients during the Italian ryegrass establishment. Accordingly, treatments were fertilization strategies in a factorial framework with production systems randomly distributed in a complete block design with four replicates. Results indicated for the first time greater daily herbage accumulation rate (24%; P < 0.01) and total herbage production (18%; P < 0.05) in the system fertilization compared with conventional crop fertilization. Consequently, system fertilization allowed for greater stocking rates in the pasture phase (17%; P < 0.05). The ICLS presented greater equivalent soybean yield (P < 0.001), energy production (P < 0.01), and system productivity (P < 0.05) compared with the cropping system, regardless of fertilization strategies. Soybean yield was not affected by fertilization strategies or grazing. In conclusion, the adoption of system fertilization strategy and crop-livestock integration enhance the production without jeopardizing soybean grain yields, so that land use is optimized by a greater energy production per unit of nutrient applied.  aCROP FERTILIZATION  aCROPPING SYSTEMS  aGRAZING  aMIXED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS  aNUTRIENT CYCLING  aSOYBEAN1 aBATISTA DEBEUX JR, J.C.1 aSAVIAN, J.V.1 aPACHERO DUARTE, L.1 aPOSSELT MARTINS, A.1 aTIECHER, T.1 aAQUINO ALVES, L.1 aCARVALHO, P.C. DE FACCIO1 aBREMM, C.  tAgronomy for Sustainable Development volume, 2020. 40, art. 39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-020-00643-2