03014naa a2200349 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400390006010000150009924501010011426000090021530000100022450002810023452016940051565000100220965000090221965000230222865300280225165300160227965300180229565300260231365300300233965300260236965300200239565300220241565300250243770000160246270000200247870000180249870000260251677301220254210613112020-09-15       2020    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 a10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.1237712DOI1 aMACEDO, I.  aRice-pasture agroecosystem intensification affects energy use efficiency.h[electronic resource]  c2020  a10 p.  aArticle history:Received 11 October 2019/Received in revised form 23 July 2020/Accepted 15 August 2020/Available online 29 August 2020. Corresponding author: E-mail addresses: imacedo@inia.org.uy, macedoyapor@gmail.com (I. Macedo),lcarrasco@inia.org.uy (L. Carrasco-Letelier).  aAbstract: Sustainable rice production systems are key to food security. Diversified farming systems are essential for ecological intensification and environmental enhancement. Energy use efficiency is one of the main sustainability indicators in agroecosystems. Thus, an assessment of consumption and efficiency of energy in contrasting cropping systems can discriminate their management practices and components sustainability. The goal of this study was to evaluate the energy performance through energy return on investment (EROI) in four rice-based rotation systems that belong to a long-term experiment located in the Temperate Grassland Terrestrial Ecoregion, at the Atlantic side of South America. Rotations analyzed consisted in: a) continuous rice (Rc); b) rice-soybean (R - S); c) rice-pasture for 1.5 years (R - PS); and, d) rice-pasture for 3.5 years (R - PL). The EROI estimations considered all the inputs and outputs of energy from cradle to farm gate. The greatest EROI was observed in ReS (7.2 MJ MJ-1) and the lowest energy consumption in R - PL (10,607 MJ ðha yrÞ-1). The R- PL?s EROI (6.7 MJ MJ-1) was 6.5% and 8% higher than Rc and R - PS EROI, respectively. Rotations without pastures produced 79% more energy compared with rotations including pastures. However, energy inputs of rice-pasture rotations were 40% lower than either R - S or Rc. The EROI (without animal production) of R- PS, ReS and Rc was 25%, 28% and 43% lower than the EROI of R - PL (10 MJ MJ-1), respectively. For the analyzed South American ecoregion, EROI assessments of four business as usual rice production systems allowed to discriminate and hierarchize their sustainability and diversity.  aARROZ  aRICE  aSISTEMAS AGRICOLAS  aAGROSISTEMAS INTEGRADOS  aCOVER CROPS  aCROP ROTATION  aCULTIVOS DE COBERTURA  aINTEGRATED AGROECOSYSTEMS  aLIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT  aPASTOS PERENNES  aPERENNIAL PASTURE  aROTACION DE CULTIVOS1 aTERRA, J.A.1 aSIRI-PRIETO, G.1 aVELAZCO, J.I.1 aCARRASCO-LETELIER, L.  tJournal of Cleaner Production, Volume 278, 1 January 2021, 123771. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123771