02195nam a2200145 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000180006024501120007826002430019030000110043352015650044465000170200965300230202610604842019-12-02       2019    bl uuuu     u01u1 u    #d1 aMARTÍNEZ, G.  aBiological control as a key tool for pest management in Uruguay forestry.  [Resumen]h[electronic resource]  aIn: Pesquisa florestal brasileira = Brazilian journal of forestry research., v. 39, e201902043, Special issue, 2019. Colombo : Embrapa Florestas, 2019. Congreso IUFRO, 25., Curitiba, Brasil, 29 setiembre-05 octubre, 2019. Abstracts.c2019  ap. 442  aCommercial tree plantations cover around a million ha in Uruguay, mostly with stands of eucalypt and pine trees. Uruguayan forestry was relatively free of serious health threats until the end of the XX century. Beginning in the 90?s, both forestry area and international trade exhibited an exponential growth, soon followed by an increase of invasive insect records. More than half of the pests currently affecting Eucalyptus entered the country after 1995. The high percentage of plantation area currently under FSC and/or PEFC certification schemes (90%) restricted the use of pesticides and pushed the Uruguayan forestry to rely mainly on silvicultural and biological control to suppress insect pest outbreaks. However, there was almost no regulations regarding the use of biological control agents until the last decade, even when biological control for forest pests in the country can be traced back to the 1940s. Here, we present the state-of-the-art of biological control in Uruguayan commercial forestry. Currently, biological control with entomophagous or entomopathogenic organisms has been, or is currently being, implemented for eight insect pests. More than five parasitoid wasps and a nematode have been released and installed in the field. There are also at least two cases of adventive introduction of entomophagous organisms, simultaneously with the pest. Building capacity for biological control and improving the regulatory framework are key issues towards the success of biological control of forestry pests under the current pest scenario.  aFORESTACIÓN  aCONTROL BIOLÓGICO