02918naa a2200397 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400410006010000180010124501680011926000090028750000980029652015730039465000300196765000330199765000110203065300240204165300220206565300250208765300250211265300290213765300280216665300150219465300230220965300240223265300280225665300100228470000160229470000200231070000180233070000180234870000180236670000200238470000210240477300950242510583152019-10-09       2017    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 a10.1590/S0100-736X20170009000022DOI1 aOLINDA, R. G.  aDegenerative axonopathy associated with copper deficiency in pigs. (Axonopatia degenerativa associada com deficiência de cobre em suínos).h[electronic resource]  c2017  aArticle history: 1 Received on May 29, 2016 // Accepted for publication on November 11, 2016.  aAbstract: The epidemiological, clinic and morphological (pathological and ultrastructural) aspects of four outbreaks of copper deficiency affecting 21- to 90-day-old pigs in the Northeast region of Brazil are reported. Clinical signs began with paraparesis and ataxia and progressed to flaccid or spastic paralysis of the pelvic and thoracic limbs, followed by sternal and/or lateral recumbence. In addition, some animals showed dog-sitting position and intention tremors. The clinical manifestation period was 5-20 days. Significant gross lesions were not observed; however, microscopically, symmetrical degeneration of the white matter with ballooned myelin sheaths containing occasional macrophages was observed, mainly in the spinal cord. Two pigs presented with necrosis ad loss of Purkinje cells and ectopic Purkinje cells in the granular layer and cerebellar white matter. A ultrastructural analysis showed different degrees of damage of myelinated axons in the spinal segments, including an absence of the axoplasm structures with only axonal residues remaining. The myelin sheaths were degenerated and often collapsed into the space previously occupied by the axon. These results suggest that myelin degeneration is secondary to the axonal lesion. Finally, the concentration of copper in the liver was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and was found to be low (ranging from 2.2 to 10.8 ppm). In conclusion, in the Brazilian semiarid region, Cu deficiency occurs in 21 to 90-day-old pigs that ingested different types of waste in their food.  aDEFICIENCIAS DE MINERALES  aENFERMEDADES DE LOS ANIMALES  aSUINOS  aAxonal degeneration  aCOPPER DEFICIENCY  aDEFICIENCIA DE COBRE  aDegeneração axonal  aDegeneração da mielina  aDegenerative myelopathy  aMielopatia  aMINERAL DEFICIENCY  aMyelin degeneration  aPLATAFORMA SALUD ANIMAL  aSWINE1 aMAIA, L. A.1 aFRADE, M. T. S.1 aSOARES, M. P.1 aBARROS, S. S.1 aDRIEMEIER, D.1 aRIET-CORREA, F.1 aDANTAS, A. F. M.  tPesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Rio de Janeirogv. 37, n. 9, p. 911-915, setembro. 2017.