02189naa a2200301 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400350006010000170009524500790011226000090019150001740020052012100037465000190158465000150160365000190161865000270163765000160166465300260168065300280170665300180173465300170175270000190176970000160178870000220180470000150182677300460184110572222018-12-12       2017    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 a10.1007/s13592-016-0482-22DOI1 aANTÚNEZ, K.  aHoneybee colony losses in Uruguay during 2013-2014.h[electronic resource]  c2017  aArticle history: Received: 29 December 2015 // Revised: 21 June 2016 // Accepted 9 November 2016. La versión electrónica del artículo contiene material suplementario.  aABSTRACT. High rates of honey bee colony losses have been reported worldwide; however, data about colony loss rates in South America is scarce. This study quantified colony losses experienced in Uruguay during the 2013?2014 season and identifies the self-diagnosed causes for these losses. An estimated 2.6% of all Uruguayan beekeepers, who collectively managed 5% of the estimated 550,000 colonies in the country, responded to this survey.We found that total summer and winter losses were similar (summer 19.0% (95% CI 13.26?24.77%), winter 20.2% (95% CI 14.98?25.39)), as were the average operational losses (summer 19.8% (95% CI 14.01?25.52), winter 18.3% (95% CI 13.15?23.56%)). The total annual loss was 28.5% (95% CI 22.42?34.51%), with each beekeeper losing, on average, 28.6%(95% CI 22.52?34.61%) of the colonies in their operation. Loss rates were similar across operations of different sizes. Queen failure, diseases and parasites, and pesticides were the leading self-reported and selfdiagnosed causes of colony losses. This study is the first to document honey bee colony losses in Uruguay, establishing a baseline for future long-term monitoring.  @ INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France, 2016  aABEJA MELIFERA  aAPICULTURA  aAPIS MELLIFERA  aSISTEMAS DE VIGILANCIA  aSUD AMERICA  aAFRICANIZED HONEY BEE  aHONEY BEE COLONY LOSSES  aQUESTIONNAIRE  aSURVEILLANCE1 aINVERNIZZI, C.1 aMENDOZA, Y.1 aVANENGELSDORP, D.1 aZUNINO, P.  tApidologie, 2017, 48 (3), pp. 364 - 370 .