02905nam a2200373 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902000180006010000160007824501310009426001370022530000110036252017830037365000140215665000180217065000110218865000210219965000270222065000110224765000310225865000160228965000280230565000100233365000220234365000120236565000080237765300180238565300270240365300220243065300190245265300220247165300220249370000160251510552712022-06-06       2000    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a9974-7586-1-01 aKOHLI, M.M.  aApplication of biotechnologies to wheat breeding. Proceedings of a conference at La Estanzuela, Uruguay. November 19-20, 1998.  aMontevideo (Uruguay): Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigoc2000  a175 p.  aThe application of biotechn'ology to crop improvement has been the focus of much research around the world. Tissue culture and selection of somaclonal variation were developed many years ago, followed more recently by molecular markers and genetic engineering. This meeting focused on providing updates on the actual successes to date on the application of several areas of biotechnology to wheat improvement. What is clear is that there continues to be optimism regarding the potential for biotechnology to be applied to wheat improvement. It is also noteworthy that as was predicted by many scientists, many approaches are proving more difficult in wheat than in other crops. Molecular markers, for example, are difficult to apply routinely given the large genome, hexaploid genetics, and lower levels of polymorphisms. New marker systems such as AFLPs and microsatellites are an improvement over previous RFLPs, but still require significant investments to achieve similar results possible in other, more amenable species. What is encouraging are the successes to identify the genetics of complex traits in wheat such as quality, Fusarium and rust resistance. Some of these will surely provide useful applications in wheat improvement and all mapping efforts provide critical genetic information for further studies at the gene level. These will be increasingly important as genomic approaches (gene expression, proteomics, etc.) become available and are applied to wheat. In many ways, these latest genomics approaches should be more 'genome independent' and thus readily applicable to large, complex genome species such as wheat. Coupled with the relatively easy ability to produce doubled haploids, wheat may prove to be an extremely important species for genomic studies.  aARGENTINA  aBIOTECNOLOGIA  aBRASIL  aFITOMEJORAMIENTO  aMARCADORES MOLECULARES  aMEXICO  aPROYECTOS DE INVESTIGACION  aSUD AMERICA  aTRANSFORMACION GENETICA  aTRIGO  aTRITICUM AESTIVUM  aURUGUAY  aUSA  aBIOTECHNOLOGY  aGENETIC TRANSFORMATION  aMOLECULAR MARKERS  aPLANT BREEDING  aRESEARCH PROYECTS  aTRITICUM AESTIVUM1 aFRANCIS, M.