02454nam a2200289 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400350007410000140010924501750012326000750029850000670037352014810044065000220192165000360194365000110197965300210199065300170201165300220202865300220205070000200207270000150209270000240210770000180213170000150214910538842017-04-19       2016    bl uuuu     u0uu1 u    #d  a0929-18737 a10.1007/s10658-015-0738-02DOI1 aCROCE, V.  aMultilocus Sequence Typing reveals high variability among Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains affecting tomato crops in Uruguay.h[electronic resource]  aEuropean Journal of Plant Pathology, 2016, v.144, no.1, p. 1-13.c2016  aAccepted: 17 August 2015 / Published online: 28 September 2015  aABSTRACT.  Bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies michiganensis (Cmm) has been a threat to tomato production in Uruguay for several years. In this study, 39 Cmm strains were collected from several outbreaks and production areas in Uruguay, and were identified by molecular assays and pathogenicity tests on a susceptible cultivar of tomato. In addition, a TaqMan assay targeting a putative two-component system sensor kinase gene demonstrated good specificity with all strains tested and gave no false negative results. The first epidemiological study of Cmm in this country was carried out in order to elucidate the origin of outbreaks and sources of infection and dissemination of the pathogen. Strains from Uruguay showed high genetic diversity based on a Multi Locus Sequence Typing analysis of five housekeeping genes. This approach revealed 36 sequence types (STs) within a worldwide collection of 108 Cmm strains. Ten STs correspond to strains solely isolated in Uruguay, including eight novel STs for the subspecies michiganensis. This high diversity reflects the introduction of new strains from different origins that most probably results from seed importation. This study provides relevant information about the distribution and origin of strains causing bacterial canker in Uruguay and will pave the way for the establishment of preventive measures to control the disease.   © 2015 Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging  aCANCRO BACTERIANO  aCLAVIBACTER MICHIGANENSIS SUBSP  aTOMATE  aBACTERIAL CANKER  aEPIDEMIOLOGY  aGENETIC DIVERSITY  aSEED TRANSMISSION1 aPIANZZOLA, M.J.1 aDURAND, K.1 aGONZÁLEZ-ARCOS, M.1 aJACQUES, M.A.1 aSIRI, M.I.