02308nam a2200325 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400430006010000170010324501020012026000790022250000510030152013220035265000130167465000280168765000210171565000180173665300140175465300160176865300140178465300230179865300390182165300160186065300170187670000190189370000190191270000170193170000180194870000160196610443032019-11-11       2004    bl uuuu     u0uu1 u    #d7 a10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.05.0142DOI1 aMARTIN, G.B.  aNatural methods for increasing reproductive efficiency in small ruminants.h[electronic resource]  aAnimal Reproduction Science,Volumes 82-83, July 2004, Pages 231-245.c2004  aArticle history:Available online 15 July 2004.  aAbstract This paper describes three strategies to improve the reproductive performance of small ruminants in ways that lead to ?clean, green and ethical? animal production. The first is aimed at control of the timing of reproductive events for which we turn to the socio-sexual inputs of the ?male effect? to induce synchronised ovulation in females thatwould otherwise be anovulatory. The second strategy, ?focussed feeding?, is based on our knowledge of the responses to nutrition and aims to develop short programs of nutritional supplements that are precisely timed and specifically designed for individual events in the reproductive process, such as gamete production, embryo survival, fetal programming and colostrum production. The third strategy aims to maximise offspring survival by a combination of management, nutrition and genetic selection for behavior (temperament). All of these approaches involve non-pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous control systems of the animals and complement the detailed information from ultrasound that is now becoming available. The use of such clean, green and ethical tools in the management of our animals can be cost-effective, increase productivity and, at the same time, greatly improve the image of meat and milk industries in society and the marketplace.  aCALOSTRO  aEFICIENCIA REPRODUCTIVA  aNUTRICION ANIMAL  aSUPERVIVENCIA  aCOLOSTRUM  aMALE EFFECT  aNUTRITION  aOFFSRPING SURVIVAL  aSUPERVIVENCIA DE LOS DESCENDIENTES  aTEMPERAMENT  aTRMPERAMENTO1 aMILTON, J.T.B.1 aDAVIDSON, R.H.1 aBANCHERO, G.1 aLINDSAY, D.R.1 aBLACHE , D.